Not all liver inflammation caused by viruses is called "viral hepatitis". For example, SARS coronavirus and EB virus can cause liver inflammation, but this type of hepatitis is not called "viral hepatitis."
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| What is viral hepatitis? |
What types of viral hepatitis are there?
There are five types of viral hepatitis: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E, which are caused by different hepatitis viruses.
Is viral hepatitis common?
common. China is a big country with viral hepatitis. In order to raise awareness and understanding of viral hepatitis, the World Health Organization (WHO) selected July 28th of each year as World Hepatitis Day.
What are the symptoms of viral hepatitis?
Viral hepatitis mainly manifests as no strength, no desire to eat, nausea and vomiting, fever, and uncomfortable stomach. Some patients with more severe liver damage may also have yellow eyes, itchy skin, and dark urine.
Patients with viral hepatitis have no symptoms, does it mean that the problem is not big?
no. No symptoms do not mean that the disease is under control.
Although liver cells have a strong ability to repair themselves, if the body can't completely eliminate the virus, the hepatitis virus will "settle" in the liver, making the disease chronic, and the liver will suffer damage over the years, leading to cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis - cirrhosis - Liver cancer is called "hepatocellular trilogy".
In addition, patients with asymptomatic viral hepatitis do not actively seek treatment, and their feces, blood or other body fluids may carry viruses and are easily transmitted to others.
What is the harm of viral hepatitis?
For individuals, viral hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and more than one million people die every year from viral hepatitis.
For the group, viral hepatitis is a group of infectious diseases that, if not actively treated, can be transmitted to others.
Will hepatitis be chronic?
no. Whether hepatitis is chronic, is closely related to the type of virus, age of infection, and personal physique.
In general, hepatitis A and hepatitis E infections come quickly and are not easy to chronic. Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B overlap with hepatitis D infection, which is prone to chronicity. The younger the infection age, the worse the constitution, and the higher the possibility of chronicity.
What is the cause of viral hepatitis?
The cause is the infection of the "hepatitis virus."
What is the hepatitis virus?
There are five main types of hepatitis viruses: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, which correspond to hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, Ding liver, and hepatitis E.
In addition, about 10%-20% of viral hepatitis can't find the exact hepatitis virus, which is collectively referred to as "non-A-E hepatitis." Although these viruses can cause similar clinical manifestations, they have different physical and chemical properties, gene structures, routes of transmission, and pathogenic characteristics.
How is hepatitis A spread?
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the "fecal-mouth" route and is a typical example of a disease.
HAV is abundantly present in the stool of patients with hepatitis A. Water sources and food in areas with poor sanitation are easily contaminated by feces, and healthy people may become infected after eating water and food with viruses.
In addition, HAV may also be transmitted through special sexual acts such as oral sex.
How is hepatitis B spread?
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is mainly transmitted through blood, sexual contact, mother and baby.
(1) Blood transmission: Hepatitis B patients and virus carriers contain a large amount of virus in their blood. If they are stabbed or scratched by a blood-contaminated device in a medical operation, tattoo, or pierced ear, they may cause infection. Of course, drug users who share syringes, inject blood products contaminated with hepatitis B virus, and transplant organs with viruses are more susceptible to infection.
(2) Sexual contact: The infected person's semen or vaginal secretions contain many viruses, and those with hepatitis B infection may be infected if they have unprotected sex.
(3) Mother-to-child transmission: Mothers infected with hepatitis B virus can transmit the virus to the baby during pregnancy, during production and after delivery, and are most likely to be infected during the production process.
How is hepatitis C spread?
The transmission path of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is similar to that of hepatitis B virus.
How is Ding Liver spread?
The transmission route of hepatitis D virus (HDV) is similar to that of hepatitis B virus. The difference is that hepatitis D virus needs to use hepatitis B virus to complete its own replication. Therefore, hepatitis D virus can only infect hepatitis B patients.
Patients with both hepatitis B and butyl liver are often more severe.
How is hepatitis E spread?
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is transmitted similarly to hepatitis A and is mainly transmitted through the “fecal route”.
If hepatitis B patients or pregnant women in late pregnancy are re-infected with HEV, the mortality rate will be high.
Is it dangerous to live with hepatitis patients?
No. Hepatitis virus is difficult to spread through daily contact.
Pay attention to personal hygiene, wash hands frequently, do not eat uncooked food and drink raw water. Hepatitis A and hepatitis E are easy to prevent. As the sanitary conditions continue to improve, the number of cases is also reduced accordingly.
As for B, C, and Dinggan, unless they are in close contact with the patient (mainly sharing razors, toothbrushes or earrings, etc., which are easily contaminated by blood and body fluids), daily kissing, shaking hands, hugging, talking face to face, eating together, The use of public toilets does not spread these hepatitis viruses.
Who is prone to viral hepatitis?
People who are not vaccinated or who have never had an infection before, and who do not have enough protective antibodies in the body, are generally susceptible to hepatitis viruses.
Because hepatitis A and hepatitis E are mainly associated with unclean diets, people with poor health conditions and those who do not pay attention to personal hygiene have a higher risk of infection.
For hepatitis B and hepatitis C, the risk of infection is higher in children born to infected mothers, those who are often transfused or blood products, drug users, multi-sex partners, and medical workers.
What kind of hepatitis virus is infected, or after which vaccine is vaccinated, can you obtain more durable immunity?
After infection with hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus, if the body can completely eliminate the virus, the body can produce lasting immunity. Hepatitis A and hepatitis B can also obtain protective immunity by vaccinating to produce protective antibodies.
Hepatitis C and butyl liver are still lacking specific immunopreventive measures.
The hepatitis E vaccine has been on the market in recent years.
How do you know if you have hepatitis?
If you suspect that you may be infected, you should go to the regular hospital as soon as possible to do the relevant checks. The doctor will arrange a series of blood tests to see if you have hepatitis virus antigens and antibodies in your body. Combine your clinical manifestations, blood routines, liver and kidney functions, abdominal ultrasound and other findings to make judgments about your condition and arrange follow-up treatment. In some cases, your doctor may also take some of your liver tissue to the pathology department to see how bad your liver is.
In addition, people at higher risk of contracting hepatitis viruses (such as medical staff, sex workers, drug users) should also be regularly checked to rule out infection.
What is the difference between chronic hepatitis and viral carriers?
For hepatitis antigen-positive, at the same time there is an abnormal increase in liver enzymes, or liver pathological examination found that hepatitis lesions, known as chronic hepatitis B / hepatitis C.
For hepatitis antigen positive, but no significant abnormalities in liver function examination, no obvious lesions in the liver pathological examination or only mild lesions, called asymptomatic carriers.
Why do you have to go to the hospital for regular review of hepatitis virus carriers without symptoms?
Under the impact of factors such as fatigue, excessive drinking, and use of hepatotoxic drugs, the virus carriers may become worsened and become patients with hepatitis. Therefore, they need to go to the hospital regularly to check the condition fluctuations and treat them as soon as possible.
How to treat viral hepatitis?
For most patients with acute hepatitis, the prognosis is usually good, relying on symptomatic support to control the symptoms, and the virus can be cleared by autoimmunity.
For patients with chronic hepatitis, in addition to paying attention to rest, adjusting the diet and other general treatments, antiviral treatment is also needed. Reasonable and effective treatments can reduce liver damage and reduce the incidence of complications. However, not all patients need to start treatment immediately after diagnosis. Whether to start antiviral treatment depends on factors such as disease activity status, patient health and viral subtypes, and the patient and doctor need to decide together.
What are the main treatments for chronic hepatitis B?
If the virus replication in the patient is active, the liver cells are significantly damaged, resulting in a significant increase in liver enzymes, or histopathology indicates severe liver disease, indicating that the patient has been unable to suppress the virus and requires human intervention.
A variety of antiviral drugs can be used to treat chronic hepatitis B. Common drugs include lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir and the like. Can not stop the drug without authorization, in order to prevent repeated disease and drug resistance. Once drug resistance, subsequent treatment can become tricky.
During treatment and after withdrawal, patients should go to the hospital regularly to check the treatment effect and monitor the changes.
Hepatitis B can also be treated with interferon for a shorter course of treatment. However, interferon has more side effects, and patients with severe cirrhosis or liver damage are not suitable for interferon therapy.
What are the main treatments for chronic hepatitis C?
As with hepatitis B, the treatment of chronic hepatitis C depends on the disease and the patient's condition.
Chronic hepatitis C usually requires treatment with two or more drugs, usually treated with interferon + ribavirin. However, this kind of program is not efficient, has large side effects, and has a long course of treatment. It is not suitable for patients with severe kidney disease and severe cirrhosis. The newer treatment regimen with oral anti-hepatitis C virus (DAA) is expected to significantly improve the cure rate of hepatitis C.
In strict accordance with the doctor's advice, it is possible to help patients completely eliminate the virus and cure hepatitis C.
Can you get pregnant with a hepatitis virus and have a child?
can.
If acute hepatitis occurs in pregnant women, symptomatic supportive treatment can be performed. The prognosis is usually good, and the incidence of maternal mortality and fetal malformation will not increase significantly.
If the pregnant woman is a chronic hepatitis B patient, the risk of infection of the baby can be reduced by reducing the viral content of the maternal blood and injecting the immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine in time after the baby is born.
For pregnant women infected with hepatitis C virus, the risk of mother-to-child transmission is not particularly high, roughly 5%.
Can hepatitis B mothers breastfeed?
Hepatitis B virus is generally not transmitted to infants through breast milk. Hepatitis B mothers need to pay special attention to breastfeeding methods and techniques to prevent nipples from being bitten by infants during breastfeeding, resulting in unnecessary risks. Vaccinate your baby as planned and inject hepatitis B immunoglobulin to further protect your baby.
What do you need to pay attention to in daily life of hepatitis patients?
The most important thing is to pay attention to protecting the liver. such as:
(1) Stop drinking because alcohol can aggravate liver damage.
(2) Regular diet and exercise, maintain weight, avoid fatty liver.
(3) Keep away from drugs, reduce the number of sexual partners, and wear condoms when you have sex.
(4) Vaccination to prevent infection with other types of hepatitis viruses;
(5) Consult a doctor before use to avoid using drugs that have a major impact on the liver.
How to prevent viral hepatitis?
(1) Pay attention to the environment, personal and food hygiene, and wash your hands before and after meals.
(2) Timely vaccination, and regular review of antibody titer, timely replanting if necessary.
(3) Understand whether a sexual partner is infected with hepatitis virus, insist on using condoms, and avoid unprotected sex.
(4) Avoid sharing personal items such as razors and toothbrushes with others, and choose a standard and hygienic mechanism for tattooing and ear piercing.
(5) Use a disposable injection needle.
(6) Pay attention to the marriage check, the birth check, take a reasonable treatment to reduce the amount of virus in the mother, and at the same time choose the appropriate production and feeding methods to avoid mother-to-child transmission.
(7) Donate blood to a qualified blood donation institution that has been approved by the state, and receive blood transfusion treatment in a regular hospital.
(8) Medical workers should raise their awareness of occupational protection and avoid occupational exposure.
(9) Supervise the hepatitis patients around to go to the hospital for isolation treatment.
If you are already infected with hepatitis virus, is it necessary to vaccinate?
necessary.
As mentioned earlier, acute cases of hepatitis A and most hepatitis B can produce protective antibodies in the body after healing and can be maintained for a long time. However, hepatitis A antibody can not prevent hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B antibody can not prevent hepatitis A, of course, can not prevent other hepatitis virus, so infected hepatitis A should also be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, hepatitis B antibody should also be vaccinated with hepatitis A vaccine.
For patients with chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C, simultaneous infection with other hepatitis viruses can aggravate liver damage, so it is more appropriate to vaccinate other optional hepatitis virus vaccines.
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