What are the preventive measures for infectious diseases?

What are the preventive measures for infectious diseases?

What are the preventive measures for infectious diseases?

Infectious disease prevention measures can be divided into:

• Preventive measures when the epidemic situation does not occur;
• Epidemic prevention measures after the occurrence of the epidemic;
• Therapeutic preventive measures.

Preventive measures
The most effective way to control infectious diseases is prevention and control. Because of the three basic conditions of infectious diseases (the source of infection, the route of transmission and the susceptible population), the lack of any one can not cause the epidemic of infectious diseases, so the prevention of infectious diseases is also Mainly focused on these three aspects:

1. Control the source of infection: This is the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. For infectious diseases of human infection, it is necessary to properly arrange the patient or the source carrier in a designated isolation position, temporarily isolate from the crowd, actively carry out treatment, care, and have infectious secretions, excretions and utensils, etc. Perform the necessary disinfection to prevent the spread of pathogens. However, if it is an unknown source of infection, especially the source of infection of the animal, it is not easy to get accurate results because it determines the need for epidemiological causal inference and the results of laboratory tests. When a sudden acute infectious disease occurs, it is more difficult to lock the source of infection in a short time. However, once the source of infection is determined, it is necessary to take effective measures to control the source of infection in time to ensure that the source of infection will not continue to spread the pathogen to susceptible populations.


2. Cut off the route of transmission: For infectious diseases transmitted through the digestive tract, blood and body fluids, insect-borne diseases and parasitic diseases, cutting off the transmission route is the most direct prevention method. The main way is to block, disinfect or cull the media. For food or drinking water contaminated with pathogens, it should be disposed of or disinfected. For rooms or utensils contaminated with pathogens, adequate disinfection should be carried out. For disposable medical supplies, disinfection or incineration should be carried out in time after use. In the season of transmission of insect-borne diseases, anti-mosquito and insect-repellent measures are taken. At the same time, it is also necessary for health education interventions for high-risk groups, such as promoting the use of needles for disinfection by intravenous drug users, and publicizing and educating condom use for people who have high-risk sexual behaviors. Nowadays, the method of preventing influenza A H7N9 virus is still to pay attention to basic hygiene. Wash hands frequently, wear masks, and eat meat. Although it is old-fashioned, it is still the most effective way to cut off the transmission route.

3. Protect susceptible populations: Protecting susceptible populations is also an important part of infectious disease prevention and is often a relatively easy way to prevent it. For infectious diseases that already have preventive vaccines, vaccination of susceptible populations is the safest method, such as planned immunization of infants after birth, for infectious doctors, nurses, researchers engaged in infectious disease research, and poultry The person who farms the work is vaccinated with the corresponding vaccine. Historically, people have successfully conquered smallpox using efficient vaccines, proving that the protection of susceptible populations plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

Food therapy for prevention of spring infectious diseases in children
Before the epidemic has not occurred, the primary task is to do regular prevention work. The main contents are as follows:

1. Measures to be taken by entities with pathogens in the external environment to improve drinking water conditions and disinfection of drinking water; combined with urban and rural construction, do a good job of decontamination of manure, sewage discharge and garbage disposal; establish and improve hospitals and pathogenic microbiology laboratories Regulations to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms and nosocomial infections; disinfection, insecticide and rodent control should also be carried out in health care institutions.

2. Vaccination, also known as artificial immunization, inoculates biological products into the human body, so that the body produces specific immunity against infectious diseases, so as to improve the immune level of the population and prevent the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases.

3. Wash your hands frequently; washing your hands is one of the main ways to prevent infectious diseases. You should wash your hands in the following situations:

• In contact with the eyes, mouth and nose;
• When the hand is contaminated by respiratory secretions, such as after sneezing or coughing;
• After touching a public object, such as an elevator handrail, a lift button or a door handle;
• Handling food and before eating; and after going to the toilet.

Proper hand washing steps:

• Wash your hands after boiling water.
• Add soap and rub the foam by hand.
• Wash your fingers, nails, palms, and backs with a minimum of 20 seconds. No need to flush when scrubbing.
• Wash hands thoroughly with water after washing.
• Dry your hands thoroughly with a clean towel or a paper towel, or use your hand dryer to dry your hands.
• After washing your hands, you can wrap the faucet with a paper towel before closing the water source. Do not touch the faucet directly.

Epidemic prevention measures
It refers to measures taken to prevent proliferation and subside as soon as possible after the outbreak of the epidemic.
From the patient's point of view, the key is early detection, early diagnosis, early reporting, and early isolation.

1. Early detection and early diagnosis: improving primary health care work, improving the business level and sense of responsibility of medical personnel, and popularizing the common sense of health is the key to early detection of patients. Diagnosis can include three aspects: clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological data. It is clinically found that the characteristic symptoms and signs can be diagnosed early, such as the Coriolis plaque of measles and the pseudomembrane of diphtheria. But sometimes there should be a laboratory diagnosis, which is more objective and correct, such as pseudomembrane smear to detect diphtheria. In the diagnosis of infectious diseases, epidemiological data often contribute to early diagnosis, such as patient contact history, past medical history and vaccination history. In addition, age, occupation, and seasonal characteristics often have important reference value for early diagnosis.

2. Report on infectious diseases: The epidemic report is the basis for epidemic management and the statutory system of the state. Therefore, it is an important statutory duty of every clinician to quickly and comprehensively and accurately report infectious diseases.